Lots

Lots are portions into which a large procurement tender is divided, essentially creating multiple smaller contracts under a single procurement process. Each lot typically corresponds to a specific part of the project or a distinct category of goods, services, or works. Bidders may choose to bid on one, several, or all lots depending on their capabilities and strategic interests. For example, a tender for office furniture might be split into Lot 1: desks, Lot 2: chairs, and Lot 3: filing cabinets, enabling diverse suppliers to compete effectively in areas where they excel.

EU Directive 2014/24/EU encourages contracting authorities to consider dividing contracts into lots to promote competition and support SME participation. This “divide‑or‑explain” approach allows authorities to define the size and scope of each lot. If they choose not to subdivide, they must explain their reasoning in procurement documents. Lots are evaluated and awarded separately, though they originate from one overarching procurement procedure. This flexibility helps tailor procurement to market realities while upholding transparency and fairness.

In practice, using lots enables smaller firms to participate in tenders they might otherwise be unable to tackle, fostering increased competition and widening the supplier base. However, if poorly designed—or if lots are too small or interdependent—it can undermine value for money or complicate project integration. Careful planning ensures that lots are sized and structured in ways that maximize efficiency, allow interoperability, and deliver better outcomes for buyers.