CPV stands for Common Procurement Vocabulary, a standardized classification system created by the European Union to describe goods, services, and works in public procurement. Each type of procurement item is assigned a unique numeric CPV code that ensures consistent categorization across all EU member states. The system includes two components: a main vocabulary, which uses a hierarchical nine‑digit structure (eight significant digits plus a check digit), and a supplementary vocabulary, offering alphanumeric codes for additional qualitative details about the contract subject.
The hierarchical structure of the CPV main vocabulary breaks down as follows: the first two digits represent broad divisions, the next digits subdivide into groups, classes, and categories, while the final digits add precision—ending with a control digit to validate the code. The supplementary vocabulary adds context such as material characteristics, intended users, or specific contract usage, helping to refine descriptions and overcome language or translation barriers across the EU procurement landscape.
In practice, CPV codes are mandatory in EU procurement notices. Contracting authorities include them in publications like contract notices via the Official Journal of the EU and on e‑procurement platforms like TED. For suppliers, CPV codes are vital tools for discovering relevant tenders—facilitating efficient searches by industry, service, or region. Overall, CPV ensures clarity, transparency, and accessibility in the EU’s public procurement market.
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